Family
Cleopatra I was the daughter of Antiochus III and Laodice III. She married Ptolemy V in 193 BC. They had at least three children [3] [4]:
In Alexandria, Cleopatra I was called the Syrian.[7] In the Ptolemaic cult she was honoured with her husband as Theoi Epiphaneis. In old Egyptian manner she was also named adelphe (= sister) of Ptolemy V. A priest synod held at Memphis in 185 BC transferred all honours that Ptolemy V had received in 196 BC (written on the Rosetta stone) to his wife.
The royal couple had two boys (Ptolemy VI and VIII) and a daughter (Cleopatra II). Her older son Ptolemy VI was born in about 186 BC; the dates of the birth of her younger children are unknown.
In 187 BC, Cleopatra I was appointed vizier and upon her husband's death in 180 BC, she ruled on behalf of her minor son Ptolemy VI. She was the first Ptolemaic queen to exercise all the power alone. This can be concluded from date formulas of Papyri written in the years from 179 BC to 176 BC, where Cleopatra I is called Thea Epiphanes and her name is written before that of her son. She also minted her own coins, which also bear her name before that of her son. On June 22, 2010, archaeologists uncovered a gold coin bearing her image at Tel Kedesh in Israel near the Lebanon border. It was reported to be the heaviest and most valuable gold coin ever found in Israel.[8]
Just before his death Ptolemy V had planned to make war against the Seleucid kingdom but when his widow started to rule she immediately ended the war preparations directed against her brother Seleucus IV Philopator. Cleopatra I died sometime between 178 BC and 176 BC.
Some pictures for Cleopatra
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Cleopatra I was the daughter of Antiochus III and Laodice III. She married Ptolemy V in 193 BC. They had at least three children [3] [4]:
- Ptolemy VI of Egypt born in 186 BC
- Cleopatra II of Egypt born ca 187 - 185 BC
- Ptolemy VIII Physcon born ca 184 BC
Biography
In 197 BC Antiochus III had captured some Ptolemaic cities in Asia Minor. The Romans supported the Egyptian interests, when they negotiated with the Seleucid king in Lysimachia in 196 BC. But Antiochus III answered, that he wanted to make peace with Ptolemy V and to marry his daughter Cleopatra I to him. They were really betrothed in 195 BC and their marriage was celebrated in the beginning of 193 BC in Raphia.[5] At that time Ptolemy V was about 16 years and Cleopatra I about 10 years old. Later Ptolemaic propaganda claimed that Cleopatra I had received Coele-Syria as dowry and this land therefore again belonged to Egypt. It is not clear if this promise was really made, but in any case Coilesyria remained since the Battle of Panium in 198 BC always in the possession of the Seleucid kingdom.[6]In Alexandria, Cleopatra I was called the Syrian.[7] In the Ptolemaic cult she was honoured with her husband as Theoi Epiphaneis. In old Egyptian manner she was also named adelphe (= sister) of Ptolemy V. A priest synod held at Memphis in 185 BC transferred all honours that Ptolemy V had received in 196 BC (written on the Rosetta stone) to his wife.
The royal couple had two boys (Ptolemy VI and VIII) and a daughter (Cleopatra II). Her older son Ptolemy VI was born in about 186 BC; the dates of the birth of her younger children are unknown.
In 187 BC, Cleopatra I was appointed vizier and upon her husband's death in 180 BC, she ruled on behalf of her minor son Ptolemy VI. She was the first Ptolemaic queen to exercise all the power alone. This can be concluded from date formulas of Papyri written in the years from 179 BC to 176 BC, where Cleopatra I is called Thea Epiphanes and her name is written before that of her son. She also minted her own coins, which also bear her name before that of her son. On June 22, 2010, archaeologists uncovered a gold coin bearing her image at Tel Kedesh in Israel near the Lebanon border. It was reported to be the heaviest and most valuable gold coin ever found in Israel.[8]
Just before his death Ptolemy V had planned to make war against the Seleucid kingdom but when his widow started to rule she immediately ended the war preparations directed against her brother Seleucus IV Philopator. Cleopatra I died sometime between 178 BC and 176 BC.
Some pictures for Cleopatra
Click here for more information about Cleopatra
&
Video about the of Cleopatra 1
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ردحذفIn the meantime, Pompey had been defeated at Pharsalus in August of 48 BC. He headed for Alexandria hoping to find refuge with Ptolemy XIII, of whom Pompey was a senate-appointed guardian. Pompey did not realize how much his reputation had been destroyed by Pharsalus until it was too late. He was murdered as he stepped ashore on September 28, 48 BC. The young Ptolemy XIII stood on the dock and watched the whole scene. Four days later, Caesar arrived in Alexandria. He brought with him thirty-two hundred legionaries and eight hundred cavalry. He also brought twelve other soldiers who bore the insignia of the Roman government who carried a bundle of rods with an ax with a blade that projected out. This was considered a badge of authority that gave a clear hint of his intentions. There were riots that followed in Alexandria. Ptolemy XIII was gone to Pelusium and Caesar placed himself in the royal palace and started giving out orders. The eunuch, Pothinus, brought Ptolemy back to Alexandria. Cleopatra had no intentions of being left out of any deals that were going to be made. She had herself smuggled in through enemy lines rolled in a carpet. She was delivered to Caesar. Both Cleopatra and Ptolemy were invited to appear before Caesar the next morning. By this time, she and Caesar were already lovers and Ptolemy realized this right away. He stormed out screaming that he had been betrayed, trying to arouse the Alexandrian mob. He was soon captured by Caesar's guards and brought back to the palace. It is thought that Caesar had planned to make Cleopatra the sole ruler of Alexandria. He thought she would be a puppet for Rome.
ردحذفThe Alexandrian War was started when Pothinus called for Ptolemy XIII's soldiers in November and surrounded Caesar in Alexandria with twenty thousand men. During the war, parts of the Alexandrian Library and some of the warehouses were burned. However, Caesar did manage to capture the Pharos lighthouse, which kept his control of the harbor. Cleopatra's sister, Arsinoe, escaped from the palace and ran to Achillas. She was proclaimed the queen by the Macedonian mob and the army. Cleopatra never forgave her sister for this. During the fighting, Caesar executed Pothinus and Achillas was murdered by Ganymede. Ptolemy XIII drowned in the Nile while he was trying to flee.
http://www.vroma.org/images/mcmanus_images/cleopatra.jpg
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